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  • Experimental Methods in Quantum Materials

    Week Topic Additional reading
    1 New Material Physics: constructing new ground states, on the known unknown and the unknown unknown, adaptation of known quantum systems, theoretical predictions, starting from scratch.
    • New material physics, Paul C Canfield
    2 Bulk single crystal synthesis: solution growth (Flux), chemical vapor transport (CVT) growth, solid state growth.
    • Growth of single crystals from metallic fluxes.
    • Chemical vapor transport reactions – a historical review.
    • Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth.
    3

    Thin film synthesis: pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy.

    • Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth.
    • Molecular beam epitaxy, J.R. Arthur.
    4

    Structural characterization methods: powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Laue X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy.

    • X-ray diffraction crystallography.
    • Principles of protein X-ray crystallography.
    • Practical Raman Spectroscopy.
    5 Neutron Scattering: introduction, scattering properties, scattering from a lattice, scattering from powder, inelastic scattering, magnetic scattering.
    • Neutron scattering – A Primer, by Roger Pynn.
    6

    Low temperature measurements: liquid Nitrogen, Liquification of Helium and the discovery of superconductivity, cooling below 1 Kelvin, Helium 3, dilution refrigerator, adiabatic demagnetization, low-T thermometry. 

    • Matter and methods at low temperatures.
    7

    Thermodynamics: specific heat and heat capacity, DC magnetization, AC susceptibility, de Haas-van Alphen quantum oscillations.

    • Specific heats at low temperatures.
    • Magnetic measurement Techniques for materials characterization.
    • Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques.
    8

    Electrical transport: magnetoresistance and temperature dependence in metals, high field measurements (DC vs. Pulsed), Shubnikov de-Hass quantum oscillations, Hall effect, anomalous Hall effect, quantum Hall effect.

    • Magnetoresistance in metals. A.B. Pippard.
    • Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques.
    • Magnetic oscillation in metals. D. Shoenberg.
    • The quantum Hall effect. D. Yoshioka.
    9

    Thermal transport: thermal conductivity, Seebeck and Peltier effects.

    • Thermal conductivity. Theory, properties and applications.
    • Thermoelectric power of metals.
    10

    Spintronics: Basic concepts, giant magnetoresistance, spin scattering, magnetic tunnel junctions, spin transfer torque, domain wall motion, applications.

    • Spintronics, fundamentals and applications.
    11

    Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES): introduction, kinematics of photoemission, three-step model and sudden approximation, one-particle spectral function, matrix elements and finite resolution effects, the system, demonstration.

    • Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques.
    12 Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM): introduction, one-dimensional potential barrier model, the WKB tunneling approximation, density of states, Bardeen model, constant current and constant height modes, voltage-dependent imaging, tunneling spectroscopy, differential conductance and its relation to the density of states, asymmetry in the tunneling spectra, spectroscopic imaging.    
    • Scanning Probe Microscopy, Bert Voigtländer.
    13

    Fabrication, interference and mesoscopic: state-of-the-art fabrication, Aharonov-Bohm rings, universal conductance fluctuations, ballistic wires and quantum dots.     


    • Mesoscopic physics and electronics.

    • Experimental Methods in Quantum Materials – Literature

      • New material physics, Paul C Canfield.  Rep. Prog. Phys. 83, 016501 (2020).

      • Growth of single crystals from metallic fluxes. P. C. Canfield and Z. Fisk. Philosophical Magazine B 65, 6 (1992).
      • Chemical vapor transport reactions – a historical review. Binnewies, Glaum and Schmidt.
      • Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth, Govindhan Dhanaraj, Kullaiah Byrappa, Vishwanath Prasad, Michael Dudley (Eds.).
      • Molecular beam epitaxy, J.R. Arthur. Surf. Sci. 500, 189–217 (2002). 
      • X-ray diffraction crystallography. Yoshida Waseda, Eiichiro Matsubara and Kozo Shinoda. Springer.
      • Principles of protein X-ray crystallography. Chapter 12. Jan Drenth. Springer.
      • Practical Raman Spectroscopy. D. J. Gardiner and P.R. Graves (Eds.). Springer-Verlag.
      • Neutron scattering – A Primer, by Roger Pynn, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center.
      • Matter and methods at low temperatures. Frank Pobell. Springer (2007).
      • Specific heats at low temperatures, E.S.R. Gopal, Springer.
      • Magnetic measurement Techniques for materials characterization, Victorino Franco, Brad Dodrill (Eds.), Springer.
      • Strongly Correlated Systems – Experimental Techniques, Adolfo Avella, Ferdinando Mancini (Eds.), Springer.
      • Magnetoresistance in metals. A.B. Pippard. Cambridge University Press.
      • Magnetic oscillation in metals. D. Shoenberg. Cambridge University Press.
      • The quantum Hall effect. D.Yoshioka. Springer.
      • Thermal conductivity. Theory, properties and applications. Terry M. Tritt (Editor).
      • Thermoelectric power of metals. Frank J. Blatt, Peter A. Schroeder, Carl L. Foiles and Denis Greig. Plenum Press (1976).
      • Spintronics, fundamentals and applications. Puja Dey and Jitendra Nath Roy. Springer.
      • Scanning Probe Microscopy, Bert Voigtländer, Springer.
      • Mesoscopic physics and electronics. T. Ando, Y. Arakawa, K. Furuya, S. Komiyama and H. Nakashima (Eds.). Springer.


      • Office hours

        Name Day Hours Building/Room E-mail
        Dr. Eran Maniv Thursday 14:00-16:00 54/216eranmaniv@bgu.ac.il

        Lecture/Tutorial

        Group What? Name Day Hours Building/Room
        All Lecture Dr. Eran Maniv Tuesday 17:00-20:00Gutman [32] / Room 111

        • Experimental Method List:

          1. Transmission electron microscopy {Barak Barzilay}

          2. Scanning Squid (Regular) {אליאור ניר}

          3. Scanning Squid on Tip {Itamar Bloch}

          4. Optics as a solid state probe (nonlinear optics)

          5. NV center based magnetometry {Matan S}

          6. Scanning single electron transistor {Yigal Reiss}

          7. Muon Spin Rotation {Lion Sudit}

          8. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism {Avia Hadar}

          9. Spin polarized ARPES {Asaf Meir Eliyahu}

          10. Atomic force microscopy {Elinor Slavsky}

          11. Magnetic force microscopy

          12. Kelvin probe force microscopy {Yoav Mairovich}





          • Grading:

            There will be frontal presentations of selected topics instead of a final exam.